Mapping Strategic Goals and Operational Performance Metrics for Smart Manufacturing Systems

AbstractThe complexity of the relationship of strategic goals to operational performance across the many levels of a manufacturing system inhibits the realization of Smart Manufacturing Systems (SMS). This paper proposes a method for identifying what aspects of a manufacturing system should be addressed to respond to changing strategic goals. The method uses standard techniques in specifying a manufacturing system and the relationship between strategic goals and operational performance metrics. Two existing reference models related to manufacturing operations are represented formally and integrated to support the proposed method. The method is illustrated for a single scenario using agility as a strategic goal. By replicating the proposed method for other strategic goals and with multiple scenarios, a comprehensive set of performance challenges can be identified

Mapping Strategic Goals and Operational Performance Metrics for Smart Manufacturing Systems

The complexity of the relationship of strategic goals to operational performance across the many levels of a manufacturing system inhibits the realization of Smart Manufacturing Systems (SMS). This paper proposes a method for identifying what aspects of a manufacturing system should be addressed to respond to changing strategic goals. The method uses standard techniques in specifying a manufacturing system and the relationship between strategic goals and operational performance metrics. Two existing reference models related to manufacturing operations are represented formally and integrated to support the proposed method. The method is illustrated for a single scenario using agility as a strategic goal. By replicating the proposed method for other strategic goals and with multiple scenarios, a comprehensive set of performance challenges can be identified. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.111215Ysciescopu

Understanding sustainability data through unit manufacturing process representations: a case study on stone production

Efficiency of natural stone production processes in quarries directly affects the economic output and environmental performances, such as production lead times and energy consumptions. Knowledge on stone production processes is crucial in making responsible decisions in this business. Having a structured representation of information characterizing the stone production processes will support stakeholders in better assessing production resources in terms of sustainability and productivity. Value stream mapping can provide an overview and guidance for sustainability performance evaluation, but its application is limited. The challenges arise when trying to specifically map and relate sustainability data between processes e.g., variability in lead time and CO2 emissions. Manufacturing process characterization standards currently being developed by ASTM International manifest the potential to not only fill this gap but also to provide opportunities to characterize and compose manufacturing processes with relevant environmental information and description. This paper shows the application and lessons learned from deploying once such effort towards standardization

Stoichiometry control of magnetron sputtered Bi2_2Sr2_2Ca1−x_{1-x}Yx_xCu2_2Oy_y (0≤\lex≤\le0.5) thin film, composition spread libraries: Substrate bias and gas density factors

A magnetron sputtering method for the production of thin-film libraries with a spatially varying composition, x, in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2Oy (0<=x<=0.5) has been developed. Two targets with a composition of Bi2Sr2YCu2O_{8.5 + \delta} and Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8 + \delta} are co-sputtered with appropriate masks. The target masks produce a linear variation in opposite, but co-linear radial direction, and the rotation speed of the substrate table is sufficient to intimately mix the atoms. EDS/WDS composition studies of the films show a depletion of Sr and Bi that is due to oxygen anion resputtering. The depletion is most pronounced at the centre of the film (i.e. on-axis with the target) and falls off symmetrically to either side of the 75 mm substrate. At either edge of the film the stoichiometry matches the desired ratios. Using a 12 mTorr process gas of argon and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio, the strontium depletion is corrected. The bismuth depletion is eliminated by employing a rotating carbon brush apparatus which supplies a -20 V DC bias to the sample substrate. The negative substrate bias has been used successfully with an increased chamber pressure to eliminate the resputtering effect across the film. The result is a thin film composition spread library with the desired stoichiometry.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Physica C - Superconductivity (April 15, 2005), elsart.st

Achievement goals and motivational responses in tennis: Does the context matter?

Objectives: This study examined: (a) whether athletes’ goal orientations differ across training and competition; (b) whether goal orientations predict effort, enjoyment, and psychological skill use differently in training and competition; and (c) whether goal orientations predict perceived improvement in training and perceived performance in competition. Method: Participants were 116 competitive tennis players (mean age = 19.99, SD = 5.82), who completed questionnaires measuring goal orientations, effort, enjoyment, and psychological skill use in training and competition, perceived improvement in training, and perceived performance in competition. Results: Dependent t-tests revealed that athletes reported higher task orientation in training than in competition and higher ego orientation in competition than in training, while Pearson product-moment correlations revealed a high cross-contextual consistency for both task and ego goal orientations between training and competition. Regression analyses indicated that task orientation predicted positively effort, enjoyment, self-talk, and goal setting in both contexts, perceived improvement in training, and perceived performance in competition. An interaction effect also emerged whereby ego orientation predicted positively effort in competition only when task orientation was low or average. Conclusions: The findings suggest that goal orientations may differ between training and competition; task orientation is the goal that should be promoted in both contexts; and the context may affect the relationship between goal orientations and effort, enjoyment, and goal setting

Rare and Low Frequency Genomic Variants Impacting Neuronal Functions Modify the Dup7q11.23 Phenotype

© 2021, The Author(s). Background: 7q11.23 duplication (Dup7) is one of the most frequent recurrent copy number variants (CNVs) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but based on gold-standard assessments, only 19% of Dup7 carriers have ASD, suggesting that additional genetic factors are necessary to manifest the ASD phenotype. To assess the contribution of additional genetic variants to the Dup7 phenotype, we conducted whole-genome sequencing analysis of 20 Dup7 carriers: nine with ASD (Dup7-ASD) and 11 without ASD (Dup7-non-ASD). Results: We identified three rare variants of potential clinical relevance for ASD: a 1q21.1 microdeletion (Dup7-non-ASD) and two deletions which disrupted IMMP2L (one Dup7-ASD, one Dup7-non-ASD). There were no significant differences in gene-set or pathway variant burden between the Dup7-ASD and Dup7-non-ASD groups. However, overall intellectual ability negatively correlated with the number of rare loss-of-function variants present in nervous system development and membrane component pathways, and adaptive behaviour standard scores negatively correlated with the number of low-frequency likely-damaging missense variants found in genes expressed in the prenatal human brain. ASD severity positively correlated with the number of low frequency loss-of-function variants impacting genes expressed at low levels in the brain, and genes with a low level of intolerance. Conclusions: Our study suggests that in the presence of the same pathogenic Dup7 variant, rare and low frequency genetic variants act additively to contribute to components of the overall Dup7 phenotype

Assessing rates of parasite coinfection and spatiotemporal strain variation via metabarcoding: insights for the conservation of European turtle doves Streptopelia turtur

Understanding the frequency, spatiotemporal dynamics and impacts of parasite coinfections is fundamental to developing control measures and predicting disease impacts. The European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) is one of Europe's most threatened bird species. High prevalence of infection by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae has previously been identified, but the role of this and other coinfecting parasites in turtle dove declines remains unclear. Using a high-throughput sequencing approach, we identified seven strains of T. gallinae, including two novel strains, from ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 ribosomal sequences in turtle doves on breeding and wintering grounds, with further intrastrain variation and four novel subtypes revealed by the iron-hydrogenase gene. High spatiotemporal turnover was observed in T. gallinae strain composition, and infection was prevalent in all populations (89%–100%). Coinfection by multiple Trichomonas strains was rarer than expected (1% observed compared to 38.6% expected), suggesting either within-host competition, or high mortality of coinfected individuals. In contrast, coinfection by multiple haemosporidians was common (43%), as was coinfection by haemosporidians and T. gallinae (90%), with positive associations between strains of T. gallinae and Leucocytozoon suggesting a mechanism such as parasite-induced immune modulation. We found no evidence for negative associations between coinfections and host body condition. We suggest that longitudinal studies involving the recapture and investigation of infection status of individuals over their lifespan are crucial to understand the epidemiology of coinfections in natural populations

Scale-free static and dynamical correlations in melts of monodisperse and Flory-distributed homopolymers: A review of recent bond-fluctuation model studies

It has been assumed until very recently that all long-range correlations are screened in three-dimensional melts of linear homopolymers on distances beyond the correlation length $\xi$ characterizing the decay of the density fluctuations. Summarizing simulation results obtained by means of a variant of the bond-fluctuation model with finite monomer excluded volume interactions and topology violating local and global Monte Carlo moves, we show that due to an interplay of the chain connectivity and the incompressibility constraint, both static and dynamical correlations arise on distances $r \gg \xi$. These correlations are scale-free and, surprisingly, do not depend explicitly on the compressibility of the solution. Both monodisperse and (essentially) Flory-distributed equilibrium polymers are considered.Comment: 60 pages, 49 figure

Energy Flow in the Hadronic Final State of Diffractive and Non-Diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

An investigation of the hadronic final state in diffractive and non--diffractive deep--inelastic electron--proton scattering at HERA is presented, where diffractive data are selected experimentally by demanding a large gap in pseudo --rapidity around the proton remnant direction. The transverse energy flow in the hadronic final state is evaluated using a set of estimators which quantify topological properties. Using available Monte Carlo QCD calculations, it is demonstrated that the final state in diffractive DIS exhibits the features expected if the interaction is interpreted as the scattering of an electron off a current quark with associated effects of perturbative QCD. A model in which deep--inelastic diffraction is taken to be the exchange of a pomeron with partonic structure is found to reproduce the measurements well. Models for deep--inelastic $ep$ scattering, in which a sizeable diffractive contribution is present because of non--perturbative effects in the production of the hadronic final state, reproduce the general tendencies of the data but in all give a worse description.Comment: 22 pages, latex, 6 Figures appended as uuencoded fil

A Search for Selectrons and Squarks at HERA

Data from electron-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 300 GeV are used for a search for selectrons and squarks within the framework of the minimal supersymmetric model. The decays of selectrons and squarks into the lightest supersymmetric particle lead to final states with an electron and hadrons accompanied by large missing energy and transverse momentum. No signal is found and new bounds on the existence of these particles are derived. At 95% confidence level the excluded region extends to 65 GeV for selectron and squark masses, and to 40 GeV for the mass of the lightest supersymmetric particle.Comment: 13 pages, latex, 6 Figure